Human genetic information primarily is contained within chromosomal nuclear genes, inherited from both parents, but is also present in mitochondrial genes inherited from the maternal line and now known also from the fraternal line
Gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is copied into a complementary RNA molecule to direct the production of a functional product, typically a protein, but sometimes a functional RNA (like tRNA or rRNA).
Gene expression involves initiation, elongation, and termination of transcription followed by RNA processing, transcription-coupled DNA repair, nuclear export of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), translation, and RNA/protein degradation.
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Translation:
The processed mRNA exits the nucleus and is translated in the cytoplasm by ribosomes.
The ribosome reads the mRNA codons and assembles the corresponding amino acids into a protein.
Post-Translational Modification (if needed):
The protein may be modified to become fully functional (e.g., folding, cleavage, adding chemical groups).
It allows cells to respond to their environment.
It determines cell function and identity (e.g., muscle cells express muscle proteins; neurons express neurotransmitter-related genes).
Abnormal gene expression can lead to diseases, including cancer.
Let me know if you'd like an analogy or a diagram to explain it further.
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The gene products are often proteins.
Functional RNA ( rRNA, and tRNA, siRNA. ) is also a gene product which is a non-protein
The formation of the gene product gives the gene control over structure and function.The gene products define the transmission of hereditary characteristics.
Genes act in combination with an organism's environment to influence development.
Human genetic information primarily is contained within chromosomal nuclear genes, inherited from both parents, but is also present in mitochondrial genes inherited from the maternal line and now known also from the fraternal line
References
1. Gene Expression:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_expression.
2. Gene Regulation:http://www.nature.com/scitable/topic/gene-expression-and-regulation-15